中歐班列跑出“加速度”，搭建起對(duì)外貿(mào)易的“鋼鐵橋梁”

首趟“義新歐”中老鐵路（義烏—萬(wàn)象）國(guó)際貨運(yùn)列車發(fā)車，新疆霍爾果斯口岸進(jìn)出境中歐班列今年已突破6000列，阿拉山口口岸年內(nèi)通行中歐（中亞）班列首次突破5500列，合肥中歐班列累計(jì)開(kāi)行突破2000列，成都中歐班列新增英國(guó)伊明漢姆站點(diǎn)……連日來(lái)，中歐班列捷報(bào)頻傳。

受訪專家表示，今年以來(lái)，中歐班列跑出“加速度”，新線路、新站點(diǎn)的數(shù)量不斷突破，搭建起對(duì)外貿(mào)易的“鋼鐵橋梁”，更加有利于中國(guó)制造“走出去”和海外產(chǎn)品運(yùn)進(jìn)來(lái)。特別是在新冠肺炎疫情下，中歐班列凸顯出重要性和可靠性，為助力中歐共同抗疫、保障國(guó)際產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈和供應(yīng)鏈穩(wěn)定發(fā)揮重要作用。

增加新路線新站點(diǎn)

大幅提升運(yùn)輸時(shí)效

12月14日15時(shí)，滿載70個(gè)標(biāo)箱鉀肥、小家電、機(jī)械配件和紡織用品等貨物的“義新歐”中老鐵路（義烏—萬(wàn)象）國(guó)際貨運(yùn)列車在義烏西站始發(fā)，途經(jīng)云南昆明市、玉溪市、普洱市、西雙版納傣族自治州，從磨憨口岸出境，最終抵達(dá)老撾首都萬(wàn)象，這是中歐（義新歐）班列義烏平臺(tái)開(kāi)通的第17條新線路，也是中老鐵路開(kāi)通后的首批開(kāi)行的國(guó)際鐵路貨運(yùn)列車。

本次班列運(yùn)輸?shù)?2個(gè)標(biāo)箱鉀肥產(chǎn)品是“義新歐”中歐班列轉(zhuǎn)口貿(mào)易集拼模式又一創(chuàng)新案列。這些鉀肥先通過(guò)“義新歐”中亞回程班列從烏茲別克斯坦塔什干運(yùn)輸至義烏鐵路口岸，再轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)至義烏綜保區(qū)，最后通過(guò)“義新歐”中老鐵路國(guó)際貨運(yùn)列車無(wú)縫鏈接轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)到萬(wàn)象，實(shí)現(xiàn)了中亞和東盟的互聯(lián)互通。

今年以來(lái)，中歐班列交出亮眼成績(jī)單。1月至10月，中歐班列開(kāi)行12605列、運(yùn)送貨物121.6萬(wàn)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)箱，同比分別增長(zhǎng)26%、33%；開(kāi)行列數(shù)和運(yùn)量均超2020年全年總量，實(shí)現(xiàn)了班列開(kāi)行數(shù)量和貨物發(fā)送量雙增長(zhǎng)。

國(guó)家發(fā)展改革委國(guó)際合作中心助理研究員陳超在接受《中國(guó)貿(mào)易報(bào)》記者采訪時(shí)表示，從中歐班列的供給側(cè)來(lái)看，新線路、新站點(diǎn)的數(shù)量不斷突破，一些省市的班列線路或從無(wú)到有，實(shí)現(xiàn)中歐班列“首發(fā)”，如上海至德國(guó)漢堡、貴陽(yáng)至俄羅斯莫斯科、甘肅武威至英國(guó)倫敦、鄂爾多斯至俄羅斯莫斯科開(kāi)辟了全新貨運(yùn)通道。或中轉(zhuǎn)變直達(dá)，形成“多向多條”線路常態(tài)化運(yùn)行。以往從重慶出口到烏克蘭的貨物都要經(jīng)白俄羅斯或波蘭中轉(zhuǎn)，而現(xiàn)在渝新歐中歐班列可以實(shí)現(xiàn)從重慶直達(dá)烏克蘭基輔，大大提高中歐班列運(yùn)行的時(shí)效性。

“從中歐班列的需求側(cè)來(lái)看，‘中歐班列+’模式帶動(dòng)作用持續(xù)增強(qiáng)，境外站點(diǎn)和海外倉(cāng)布局更加優(yōu)化，跨境電商打開(kāi)新局面。”陳超表示，中歐班列（成都）新增俄羅斯圣彼得堡、荷蘭阿姆斯特丹、英國(guó)費(fèi)利克斯托、波蘭斯瓦夫庫(kù)夫、德國(guó)羅斯托克、英國(guó)伊明漢姆等境外站點(diǎn)；海外倉(cāng)數(shù)量已超2000個(gè)，打通了跨境物流服務(wù)終端，助推開(kāi)放型經(jīng)濟(jì)高質(zhì)量增長(zhǎng)。

記者從成都國(guó)際鐵路港獲悉，中歐班列（成都—英國(guó)伊明漢姆）日前從成都始發(fā)。至此，成都中歐班列境外站點(diǎn)新增至68個(gè)，英國(guó)伊明漢姆也是今年成都中歐班列開(kāi)辟的第10個(gè)境外新站點(diǎn)。“這條線路不僅減少了換裝次數(shù)，也避免了經(jīng)過(guò)波蘭馬拉舍維奇?zhèn)鹘y(tǒng)運(yùn)營(yíng)線路的擁堵，將大幅提升運(yùn)輸時(shí)效，為西向出口客戶提供了快速交付的新選擇。”成都國(guó)際鐵路班列有限公司副總經(jīng)理王偉琨表示。

促進(jìn)地方外貿(mào)發(fā)展

為企創(chuàng)造更多便利

“中歐班列作為新形勢(shì)下國(guó)際產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈供應(yīng)鏈的重要載體，在構(gòu)建新發(fā)展格局中承擔(dān)著重要?dú)v史使命。”陳超表示，內(nèi)陸省市外向型經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展長(zhǎng)期落后于沿海省市，中歐班列可以將通道資源轉(zhuǎn)化為本地的產(chǎn)業(yè)聚集，切實(shí)融入中歐班列運(yùn)輸組織體系，節(jié)點(diǎn)城市可以作為穩(wěn)定連接歐亞大陸、融入國(guó)內(nèi)國(guó)際雙循環(huán)的供應(yīng)鏈樞紐。

近日，滿載著安徽本土制造白色家電的中歐班列從合肥北站物流基地出發(fā)，經(jīng)二連浩特口岸一路向北，駛往俄羅斯沃爾西諾。此趟班列的發(fā)運(yùn)標(biāo)志著合肥中歐班列自開(kāi)行以來(lái)累計(jì)發(fā)送突破2000列，此趟中歐班列是為美菱電器量身打造的定制班列，全列裝載著美菱制造的冷藏冷凍組合機(jī)、家用型冷藏箱、壓縮式家用冷藏箱、壓縮機(jī)。

據(jù)悉，合肥中歐班列開(kāi)行前期，運(yùn)輸貨物品類主要是服裝、工藝制品等輕工業(yè)產(chǎn)品，而如今搭乘中歐班列的貨物大多數(shù)為太陽(yáng)能光伏、傳感器、機(jī)器人等高科技的“安徽產(chǎn)”“合肥造”。另外，合肥本地造的冰箱、洗衣機(jī)等白色家電，以及江淮汽車、安凱新能源客車也成為“新絲綢之路”上的“常客”。隨著開(kāi)行數(shù)量不斷增加，中歐班列在服務(wù)地方企業(yè)發(fā)展、促進(jìn)對(duì)外貿(mào)易以及國(guó)際合作等方面發(fā)揮著越來(lái)越重要的作用。

相關(guān)專家告訴記者，新冠肺炎疫情發(fā)生以來(lái)，全球物流通道受阻，中歐班列憑借安全穩(wěn)定、運(yùn)量大、運(yùn)速快、成本均衡等獨(dú)特優(yōu)勢(shì)迅速?gòu)浹a(bǔ)了國(guó)際物流運(yùn)輸需求，受到越來(lái)越多國(guó)內(nèi)外企業(yè)青睞，也為我國(guó)外貿(mào)提供了有力的運(yùn)輸保障，更是在暢通全球產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈、滿足沿線國(guó)家民眾消費(fèi)需求方面發(fā)揮了重要作用。

波蘭是歐盟農(nóng)業(yè)大國(guó)，乳制品已經(jīng)成為波蘭出口中國(guó)的招牌產(chǎn)品。2020年，雖受疫情影響，但波蘭乳制品出口中國(guó)的數(shù)量和總額仍實(shí)現(xiàn)雙增長(zhǎng)，這離不開(kāi)中歐班列的作用。“我很高興能有中歐班列這種又快又好的物流解決方案，將波蘭的乳制品更快地運(yùn)輸?shù)街袊?guó)。”波蘭牛奶商會(huì)主席阿格涅什卡·馬利謝夫斯卡說(shuō)。

波蘭沃維奇乳制品集團(tuán)出口部門(mén)經(jīng)理西蒙·馬科希表示，公司2020年開(kāi)始使用中歐班列，主要是向中國(guó)運(yùn)輸高溫殺菌盒裝牛奶產(chǎn)品，目前每月要發(fā)約20個(gè)集裝箱，而且通過(guò)中歐班列運(yùn)輸?shù)姆蓊~還在不斷增加。

對(duì)此，陳超表示，中歐班列不僅開(kāi)啟了便捷的經(jīng)貿(mào)之路，更鋪設(shè)了“健康絲綢之路”。一方面，中國(guó)商務(wù)、海關(guān)、檢疫等相關(guān)部門(mén)出臺(tái)相關(guān)政策縮短通關(guān)時(shí)間、降低物流成本。另一方面，亞洲國(guó)家與歐洲國(guó)家之間貿(mào)易壁壘從表面上看在不斷減少，但“玻璃門(mén)”卻在增加。中歐班列持續(xù)穩(wěn)定發(fā)運(yùn)各類防疫物資至歐洲各國(guó)，提升中國(guó)產(chǎn)品在國(guó)際貿(mào)易中的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力和軟實(shí)力，成為“健康絲綢之路”的載體。未來(lái)，中歐班列還要持續(xù)發(fā)揮品牌效應(yīng)、形成差異化運(yùn)營(yíng)方案，加強(qiáng)與區(qū)域發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略對(duì)接，健全擴(kuò)容后動(dòng)態(tài)管理和保障機(jī)制，推動(dòng)中歐班列高質(zhì)量、可持續(xù)發(fā)展。來(lái)源：中國(guó)貿(mào)易報(bào)

"To" new Europe "Laos railway (yiwu - vientiane) international freight trains, xinjiang huoerguos port of inbound and outbound trains in central Europe this year has reached 6000 columns, ala shan kou port years through central Europe (central Asia) trains 5500 for the first time, hefei central trains operation breakthrough 2000 columns, chengdu central trains New England YiMing ham site... In recent days, the success of china-Europe freight trains has been widely reported.

Experts interviewed said that since the beginning of this year, china-Europe freight trains have been running at an "acceleration" and the number of new lines and stops has been breaking through, building a "steel bridge" for foreign trade, which is more conducive to the "going global" of Chinese manufacturing and the import of overseas products. In particular, the importance and reliability of the China-Europe Freight train service has been highlighted in the context of COVID-19, which plays an important role in helping China and Europe jointly fight the epidemic and ensuring the stability of the international industrial and supply chains.

Add new routes and new stops

Greatly improve the time of transportation

On December 14, 15, 70 - teu potash, small appliances, machinery accessories and textile goods, etc., as "new Europe" Laos railway in yiwu (yiwu - vientiane) international freight train departure from west railway station, via kunming, yuxi, pu 'er city, yunnan xishuangbanna dai autonomous prefecture, exit from boten port, finally arrived in the capital, vientiane, Laos This is the 17th new line opened by yiwu Platform of China-Europe (Yiwu, Xinjiang-Europe) freight train, and the first batch of international railway freight trains to run after the opening of China-Laos Railway.

The 32 standard boxes of potash fertilizer products transported by this freight train is another innovation of the "Yiwu-Xinjiang-Europe" China-Europe freight train entrepot trade integration model. The potash fertilizer was first transported from Tashkent, Uzbekistan to Yiwu Railway port by the "Yixinou" Central Asia return freight train, then transferred to Yiwu Comprehensive Security Zone, and finally transferred to Vientiane by the "Yixinou" China-Laos Railway international freight train seamless link, realizing the connectivity between Central Asia and ASEAN.

Since the beginning of this year, China - Europe freight trains to hand over bright report card. From January to October, China's Freight trains made 12,605 trips and transported 1.216 million TEUS, up 26 percent and 33 percent year-on-year respectively. Both the number of train lines and the volume of freight volume exceeded the total number of the whole year in 2020, realizing the double growth of the number of train lines and the volume of goods delivered.

Chen Chao, an assistant researcher at the International Cooperation Center of the National Development and Reform Commission, told China Trade News that the number of new lines and stops on the supply side of china-Europe freight trains has been breaking through, with some provinces and cities starting from scratch. For example, new freight channels have been opened up from Shanghai to Hamburg, Germany, guiyang to Moscow, Russia, Wuwei, Gansu to London, ordos to Moscow, Russia. Or in the direct transformation, the formation of "multiple to multiple" line normal operation. In the past, goods exported from Chongqing to Ukraine had to go through Belarus or Poland, but now the Chongqing-Xinjiang-Eu-China freight train can reach Kiev, Ukraine directly from Chongqing, greatly improving the timeliness of the operation of china-Europe freight train.

"From the demand side of China-Europe Train service, the driving role of the 'China-Europe Train Service +' model continues to strengthen, the layout of overseas stations and overseas warehouses is optimized, and cross-border e-commerce has opened up a new situation." According to Chen, The China-Europe express (Chengdu) has added overseas stops in St. Petersburg, Russia, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Felixstowe, Poland, Rostock, Germany and Imingham. The number of overseas warehouses has exceeded 2,000, opening up cross-border logistics service terminals and boosting high-quality growth of the open economy.

The Reporter learned from chengdu International Railway Port that the China-Europe freight train (Chengdu-Imingham, UK) recently departed from Chengdu. This brings the number of overseas stops for Chengdu's China-Europe express to 68, and imingham is the 10th new overseas stop for Chengdu's china-Europe express this year. "This line will not only reduce the number of refits, but also avoid congestion on the traditional operating route through Marashevich, Poland, which will greatly improve the timelines and provide westbound export customers with a new option for fast delivery." "Said Wang Weikun, deputy general manager of Chengdu International Railway Express Co.

Promoting the development of local foreign trade

Create more convenience for enterprises

"As an important carrier of the international industrial chain and supply chain under the new situation, the China-Europe Railway Express bears an important historical mission in building a new development pattern." Chen Chao said that the export-oriented economic development of inland provinces and cities has lagged behind that of coastal provinces and cities for a long time. The China-Europe Freight train can transform channel resources into local industrial clusters and integrate into the transportation organization system of China-Europe freight train. The node cities can serve as the supply chain hub that stably connects the Eurasian continent and integrates into the domestic and international double circulation.

The China-Europe freight train, loaded with white goods made in Anhui province, departed from the Logistics base of Hefei North Railway Station and headed north to Volsino, Russia, via Erlianhot port. The shipment of this freight train marks that the total number of hefei China-Europe freight train has exceeded 2000 since the start of operation. This china-Europe freight train is customized for Meiling Electric Appliance, and the whole train is loaded with refrigerated and refrigerated combination machines, household refrigerators, compression household refrigerators and compressors manufactured by Meiling.

It is reported that in the early days of the Hefei China-Europe freight train, the cargo categories were mainly clothing, craft products and other light industrial products, but now most of the cargo on the China-Europe freight train are solar photovoltaic, sensors, robots and other high-tech "made in Anhui" or "made in Hefei". In addition, local refrigerators, washing machines and other white goods, as well as JAC motors, Ankai new energy buses have also become "regular customers" on the "New Silk Road". With the increasing number of china-Europe freight trains, they are playing an increasingly important role in serving the development of local enterprises, promoting foreign trade and international cooperation.

Experts told us that since the outbreak of COVID-19, the global logistics corridor has been blocked. With its unique advantages of safety, stability, large volume, high speed and balanced cost, the China-Europe freight train has quickly made up for the demand for international logistics and transportation. It is favored by more and more domestic and foreign enterprises, and provides a strong transportation guarantee for China's foreign trade. It has also played an important role in unblocking the global industrial chain and meeting the consumer demand of people in countries along the belt and Road.

Poland is a big agricultural country in the European Union, and dairy products have become Poland's signature products exported to China. In 2020, despite the impact of the epidemic, both the volume and total volume of Polish dairy products exported to China grew, thanks to the china-Europe freight train service. "I am very happy to have the fast and good logistics solution of the China-Europe freight train, which can transport Polish dairy products to China more quickly." Said Agnieszka Malyszewska, president of the Polish Milk Chamber of Commerce.

Simon Makoshi, export manager of Poland's Vowicki Dairy Group, said the company started using the China-Europe freight train in 2020, mainly to transport high-temperature pasteurized milk products in boxes to China. Currently, about 20 containers are shipped each month, and the share of shipments via the train is increasing.

In response, Chen chao said that the China-Europe freight train service not only opens a convenient economic and trade road, but also lays a "healthy Silk Road". On the one hand, China's commerce, customs, quarantine and other relevant departments have issued relevant policies to shorten customs clearance time and reduce logistics costs. On the other hand, the trade barriers between Asian countries and European countries are decreasing on the surface, but the "glass door" is increasing. The China-Europe Freight trains have been steadily delivering epidemic prevention supplies to European countries, enhancing the competitiveness and soft power of Chinese products in international trade and becoming carriers of the "Healthy Silk Road". In the future, China Railway Express will continue to give full play to its brand effect, form differentiated operation plans, strengthen synergy with regional development strategies, improve dynamic management and guarantee mechanism after expansion, and promote high-quality and sustainable development of China Railway Express.